Composting at home

6 simple steps to start home composting

Got a little time on your hands? Cooking more at home and feeling the peelings piling up? It’s time to start home composting.

There are lots of benefits to home composting. Not only does composting help reduce food and garden waste (especially if you don’t have home food waste collection), it is also a great and affordable way to give your garden a boost by improving your soil’s quality, structure, texture, and water-holding capacity.

The other good news is that, if done right, compost will not attract pests, flies or smell foul.

Are you ready? Let’s go.

1. Find a composter to match your patch.

Large gardens will benefit from bigger bins, or indeed several which can be rotated. Click here to make your own.

The dalek composter is a good choice for medium or small gardens. Many councils offer residents discounts on these sci-fi garden containers, so be sure to check out your local authorities’ offering as a first step. Bins less than 1 cubic m in size are much less effective than larger ones.

Very small space gardeners and worm lovers should look no further than a worm composter. It’s slightly more involved than the dalek composter but offers greater rewards faster.

Vermiculture (or worm composting) involves, you guessed it, helpful worms, who gobble your waste and offer worm tea in return. This worm tea is known to many gardeners as liquid gold as it’s such an excellent fertilizer and a natural insect repellent. Find out more about vermiculture and wormeries.

2. Choose the right site

Position your  compost  bin in a reasonably sunny site on bare soil. If you have to put your  compost  bin on concrete, tarmac or patio slabs ensure there's a layer of paper and twigs or existing  compost on the bottom. Choose a place where you can easily add ingredients to the bin and get the  compost  out. 

3. What to add to your compost

Aim for a balance of 50% greens and 50% browns in your  compost  bin to get the right mix.  Ideally add a bucket load at a time and turn your compost (see below).

Browns (organic matter high in carbon) 

  • Dry leaves 

  • Woody plant trimmings 

  • Straw 

  • Pine needles 

  • Sawdust 

  • Paper products 

 

Greens (organic matter high in nitrogen) 

  • Kitchen scraps 

  • Coffee grounds and filters 

  • Leafy plant trimming 

  • Grass clippings 

  • Manure 

  • Feathers, and hair  

Items to keep out of your compost

  • Ashes from charcoal barbecues, fireplaces or wood stoves

  • Disease or insect infested plant material  

  • Meat, bones, grease, fats, oils, or dairy products  

  • Faeces from cats, including soiled litter, dogs, birds, pigs and humans

  • Weeds with seed heads 

  • Veg with diseases

4. Keep it turning

Turning the heap adds air; air is necessary for the decomposition process. If the heap is too soggy or becomes compacted, then the composting process slows.

Ideally, place a lot of composting materials on the heap in one go, and turn it monthly. Invest time in turning the compost for the best results.

Keep the heap moist in dry weather – turning will give you an opportunity to assess the moisture level.

5. Be patient

Wait a while: It takes between nine and twelve months for your  compost  to become ready for use, so now all you need to do is  wait  and let nature do the work. Keep on adding greens and browns to top up your  compost, and keep on turning.

6. Get ready to roll

Once your  compost  has turned into a crumbly, dark material, resembling thick, moist soil and gives off an earthy, fresh aroma, you know it's ready to use.  Don't worry if your  compost  looks a little lumpy with twigs and bits of eggshell – this is perfectly normal. Use it to enrich borders and vegetable patches, plant up patio containers or feed the lawn. 

Still curious?

Master Composter Claire Tolliday explains what composting is, the systems you can use, how you can make the most of food waste to grow your flowers and veg.

Want to know more?

If you’re based in Norfolk, click here to find out about buying a reduced price bin or more about being a Norfolk Master Composter.

Based in Suffolk? Check out their Home Composting tips page for deals on home composting bins and the Suffolk Master Composting Scheme.